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Abiotic stress is defined as the negative impact of non-living factors on the living organisms in a specific environment. The non-living variable must influence the environment beyond its normal range of variation to adversely affect the population performance or individual physiology of the organism in a significant way.〔Vinebrooke, Rolf D. et al. “Impacts of multiple stressors on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: the role of species co-tolerance.” OIKOS 104: 451– 457, 2004.〕 Whereas a biotic stress would include such living disturbances as fungi or harmful insects, abiotic stress factors, or stressors, are naturally occurring, often intangible, factors such as intense sunlight or wind that may cause harm to the plants and animals in the area affected. Abiotic stress is essentially unavoidable. Abiotic stress affects animals, but plants are especially dependent on environmental factors, so it is particularly constraining. Abiotic stress is the most harmful factor concerning the growth and productivity of crops worldwide.〔Gao, Ji-Ping, et al. “Understanding Abiotic Stress Tolerance Mechanisms: Recent Studies on Stress Response in Rice.” Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 49 (6): 742−750, 2007.〕 Research has also shown that abiotic stressors are at their most harmful when they occur together, in combinations of abiotic stress factors.〔Mittler, Ron. “Abiotic stress, the field environment and stress combination.” Trends in Plant Science 11(1): 15–19, 2006.〕 ==Examples== Abiotic stress comes in many forms. The most common of the stressors are the easiest for people to identify, but there are many other, less recognizable abiotic stress factors which affect environments constantly.〔Palta, Jiwan P. and Farag, Karim. “Methohasds for enhancing plant health, protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stress related injuries and enhancing the recovery of plants injured as a result of such stresses.” United States Patent 7101828, September 2006.〕 The most basic stressors include: * High winds〔 * Extreme temperatures〔 * Drought〔 * Flood〔 * Other natural disasters, such as tornadoes and wildfires.〔 Lesser-known stressors generally occur on a smaller scale. They include: poor edaphic conditions like rock content and pH levels, high radiation, compaction, contamination, and other, highly specific conditions like rapid rehydration during seed germination.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abiotic stress」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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